Questionnaire (Primary Research)

For our primary research we conducted a questionairre and gave it our to 30 people all aged within our target audience age group. The Questionairre incuded questions about peoples favourite sandwiches, and places to eat as well as their favourite colours and music so we know how to constuct our docmentary.
These are the questions featured on our questionnaire:

1. How old are you?
2. Are you male or female?
3. What is your favourite sandwich?
4. Where is your favourite place to buy a sandwich?
5. Do you make your own sandwiches? (Yes) (No) (Sometimes)
6. Why do you eat sandwiches?
7. Do you consider a sandwich a healthy option? (Yes) (No)
8. What do you usually eat with a sandwich?
9. What would you eat as an alternative to a sadwich?
10. What meal do you usually eat sandwiches for? (Breakfast) (Lunch) (Dinner) (Sanck)
11. How many times do you eat sandwiches a week? (Once) (A Few Times) (Almost Everyday) (Everyday)
12. What is your favourite colour?
13. What is your favourite TV channel?
14. What times do you usually watch TV? (Breakfast) (Daytime) (Evening) (Night)
15. What is your favourite genre of music?

Initial Plans

Our initial thoughts are that the doucumentary will be on the topic of sandwiches and/or lunch food. Our target audience will be teenagers and young adults, it will air on Channel 4 at half past 8 on a Wednesday night and be titled 'The Perfect Lunch?'.

TV Schedualing

Timing Schedual:

• Breakfast programmes - depends on the channel
• Daytime TV - the unemployed, students, retired people, housewives
• Childrens TV - children when they return from school before tea
• Family - for the family while they're eating tea
• Watershed - programmes for adults after their children have gone to bed

Tv's Most Popular Genre's

• Soap Opera's
• Comedy
• Gameshows/Quizs
• Films
• Talkshows
• Documentaries

Who are the Target Audiences for Each Channel:

• BBC 1 - mixed, aimed at everyone
• BBC 2 - aimed more at an educated audience, minorit audience
• ITV - mixed, aimed at everyone
• Channel 4 - teenagers/young adults, educated
• Channel 5 - mixed, aimed at everyone

What Percentage of Each Channel is Taken Up by Repeats:

• BBC 1 - 12%
• BBC 2 - 19%
• ITV - 5%
• Channel 4 - 15%
• Channel 5 - 9%

Which Channels Feature More Improted Shows:

Channel 4 and 5 feature more improted shows because they don't have as much money to make their own shows and it is cheaper to buy them from abroad.

What does the term 'Watershed' mean and when does it occur:

The watershed occurs at 9 o'clock. It is when the more adult programmes start and the channels 'shed' their younger audiences.

TV Scheduling:

• Inheritance - programme is schedualed after already popular programme to try and gain some of its audience.
• Pre-echo - programme is schedualed before already popular programme so the audince for it might see the last few minuets of the new programme.
• Hammocking - programme is scheduled between two already popular programmes to combine 'Inheritrance' and 'Pre-echo'.

Brainstorm of Ideas for Documentary

Codes and Conventions of a Documentary

• Must have a theme
• Use camera shots on archive material
• Must have a narrative structure: Open, Closed, Linear, Non-linear, Circular, Single-strand, Double-strand
• Always a voice over
• Always music to suit the theme
• Always stock footage
• Gender of voice over suits theme
• Cutting is most common edit so it does not distrace from topic
• Editing should be invisible
• Editing and camera work is used on archive material to keep it flowing
• Voice over holds narrative together
• Voice over artist is relelvent age to topic
• Voice over is in standard English - calm and clear delivery
• Creative and varied camera work
• Conventional framing on interviews - usually static
• Still and moving archive footage
• Still images are stil 'moving'
• If chromokey is used it should not distract from the interview
• Mise-en-scene is carefully constructed
• Music does not distract from narrative
• Graphics always anchor interview
• Graphics also show time/location etc
• Graphics are simple, unobtrusive and normally two lines
• Editing is well placed

Documentary analysis - Dunkirk: The Forgotten Heroes

Type of Documentary:

• Mixed

Themes:

• World War II
• War veterans
• Rememberance

Narrative Structure:

• Linear
• Closed
• Multi-strand

Camerawork:

• Background of interview out of focus so as not to distract from interviewee
• Camera pans up photo to keep flow of programme
• Camera zooms into archive photo to highlight person in narrative
• Close-up of barbed wire with sunset in background
• Close-up of army veteran when crossing channel for first time since the war
• Pan up archive photo of wife
• Stock footage of beaches and waves

Mise-en-scene:

• Footage of beaches and waves at Dunkirk because it is were the troops were rescued
• Interview with veteran set in house with old furnishing
• Other interview with army veteran set infront of bookshelf with 'Dunkirk' book on it
• Interviewee looking at old photos of himself and his patrol unit
• Actuality footage of trees were fighting for frontlines happened
• Interview set with statue of soldier and photo of wife in background
• Interview with veteran filmed in location of the battle he is talking about
• Footage of village were the battle the interviewee fought in
• Footage of Prisoner of War at beach were his collegues were rescued
• Footage of veteran visiting Dunkirk monument

Sound:

• Voice over is emotionless, male, standard English
• Music in background added an 'epic' quality to a story
• Heartbeat sound effect in background of tense story
• 'Last man, last round' repeated throughout programme

Editing:

• Barbed wire overlayed on top of map of battleground
• Archive photos fade into one another
• Interview used as voice over for archive footage

Archive Footage:

• Archive footage of soldiers being rescued at Dunkirk
• Archive footage of war
• Archive footage of soldiers using machine guns
• Archive footage of soldiers smoking and laughing
• Archive footage of prisoners being lead to war camp
• Archive photos of prisoners
• Archive footage of news bulletin from the war
• Archive footage of men conscripting to the army
• Archive footage of men training for the army
• Archive footage of prison
• Archive photo of soldier getting married
• Archive footage of soldiers getting on a boat to go to war
• Archive footage of news reel from war
• Archive graphic of frontline being 'pushed' forward
• Archive footage of tanks driving over fields
• Archive footage of paratroopers jumping out of plane
• Archive footage of ambulance taking injured soldiers to hospital
• Archive footage of village eing burnt down by the Germans
• Archive footage of men playing cricket to show 'classic England'

Graphics:

• Font for title is sans-serif and white
• Font for interviews is same as title but smaller and second line is in italics
• Graphic showing map of Europe and were the frontlines are and what territory is occupied by who

Here is a lnk to the trailer for my documentary: http://uktv.co.uk/yesterday/item/aid/635941/displayVideo/hi

Documentary analysis - Dispatches: The 9/11 Faker

Type of Documentary:

• Mixed

Themes:

• Disaster
• Fraud
• Investigation

Narrative Structure:

• Linear
• Closed
• Single-strand

Camerawork:

• Interviewee framed standard, left/right of screen, eyeline is 1/3 of the way down the screen
• Other shots of interviewee used in interview aswell
• Various establishing shots of New York City
• Stock footage of the church were meeting take place
• Meeting room shot out of focus
• Close-up of chair in meeting room
• Close-up of hands typing on a keyboard
• Stock footage of keyboards
• Different levels of zoom used in the same interview
• Camera and interviewee placed slightly differently for each interview
• Stock footage of Ground Zero
• Zoom into face of Tania on a photograph
• Extreme close-up of pencil sharpner and writing to add curiosity about what she is writing
• Stock footage of various New York scenes
• Extreme close-up of the glasses of the actress in the reconstruction
• Different shot for each title before and after adverts
• Interview shot in two-shot for husband and wife
• Stock footage of tour centre
• Camera moving very slightly during interview
• Interview framed unconventionally, woman in centre of screen
• Establishing shot of Barcelonian institution

Mise-en-scene:

• Background of interview out of focus so as not distract from interviewee
• Interview set in office
• Interviewee in light but background in darkness
• Reconstruction of Tania writing letter/e-mail
• Unconventional mise-en-scene for interview, interviewee sitting bhind table but still conventional framing
• Journalists interview set in library
• Lots of stock footage of American flags, symbol of patriotism
• Spanish man's interview set cafe

Sound:

• Voice over: emotionless, solom, deep voice, used standard English
• 'Sad' music used in various parts in the background
• Various voices reading out letters quietly behind the voice over
• Voice over artist reads out Tanias letters at different points of the documentary, artist is about Tanias age
• Voice over artist reads out one of the e-mails in a n exited manor to fit feel of the e-mail
• Various news reports in background behind voice over
• Backgorund noise in cafe interview of public and coffee machine
• Extract from Tanias writing read outby voice over artist then it is taken over by interviewee from the New York writers coalition

Editing:

• Intercutting various shots of the interviews
• Jump zoom in the interview
• Fading from photo to photo
• Cuts between the two interviewees during a story one of them is telling to show reaction shot

Archive Material:

• Archive photos of victims and survivors
• Archive photos of Tania
• Extract from report of disastor - voice over
• Archive footage taken from the news of Tania at Ground Zero
• Archive footage of towers being pulled down behind titles
• Archive footage of firefighters/rescuers
• Zoom in on Tanias face in a photo
• Archive footage of Ground Zero and people visiting
• Archive footage of speech at memorial site and the meeting
• Archive footage of Tania giving tour around Ground Zero site
• Archive material from New York Times
• Archive photos of Tania
• Archive footage from memorial concert for hero
• Archive footage from news reports and of newspapers
• Archive footage of old news report about Tanias family

Graphics:

• Font is sans-serif, white with black drop shadow for titles
• Font for interviews is same as title